Author: prabha vallala

10th class 4M Q&A 12.world between world wars.

1. What were the secret alliances made by European powers before the first world war?   ( OR)
What is meant by “armed peace”?
*In 1870 German chancellor Bismarck wanted to isolate France so he made a secret alliance with Austria in 1879 and with Italy and Australia 1882.
This group Germany ,Australia and Italy are called triple alliance
*To protect from Germany ,France
Made a mutual alliance with Russia in 1891 and with Britain in 1904.
*This group France, Russia and Britain are called triple entente.
*Triple alliance led by Germany and the triple entente made the European powers jealous and suspicious of one another.
*Instead of a real peace  these alliances create an atmosphere of fear and armed peace in  Europe.

2. What were the concepts in militarism?
Ans: militarism is the belief that military power is the best way to ensure security and to solve problems.
The military expenditure of 6 powerful European countries Germany, Russia, Austria, Italy France and Britain increased by over 3 times during the years from 1882 to  1914.
*Three concepts in militarism
1. All these European powers had built a massive standing army for their defence.
2. The encouraged people to support wars.
3. In these countries, a large industry of weapons emerged which constantly promoted the idea of using war using solution to all diplomatic problems.

3. Write about Balkan politics?
                       (OR)
There was always a tense situation around the Balkan region. why?
Ans: in Europe continent there were many small kingdoms in the Balkan Peninsula.
People belonging  to  many sects languages were living there.
*They were all being ruled under the Ottoman Turkey Empire.
*After the fall of Ottoman Empire Austria, Germany ,Turkey & Russia competed for the supremacy over this area.
*Russia and Turkey were trying to control the Black sea and the Mediterranean sea region.During the same time Australia was trying to suppress the Serbian rebels in Bosnia who were against the rule of Austria.This created a tense situation in Balkan region.

4. What were the demands of the Bolsheviks?
Ans: In Russia soldiers, industrial workers & rural peasants United by the Russian communist party called Bolsheviks.

Under the leadership of Vladimir Lenin the Bolsheviks took revolution in Russia.
Demands of the Bolsheviks:
*They demanded immediate and unconditional peace.
*Bolsheviks also demanded that all the lands should be nationalized and re distributed to the peasants.
*The demanded nationalisation of all factories and banks and control over the prices in the country.

10th Class 4marks Q&A 12.world between world wars

1.Why is the 20th
century called the age of extremes?
Ans:Eric hobsbawn a historian called the 20th century the age of extremes.
*In this century fascism was growing strong because of its ideas of unquestioned power and hatred for other people.
*At the same time the need for democracy was also growing
*The average life expectancy rate was growing higher because of new discoveries in the field of medicine.
*Literacy levels also became high that is more people had access to better education.
*New art forms like movies were also invented.
*In the field of science new discoveries were made about life and atoms.
*More than a hundred countries became independent all over the world
*Some countries like a USSR are experimenting with socialism following planned development and ensuring equality and fraternity of all people.
*Some countries like the USA adopted liberal democracy which ensures political liberty and promotes capitalistic systems.

2. How can you say that aggressive nationalism led to World wars?
*Nationalism is a political ideology and the people have a strong feeling of their nation .
*The ideology of nationalism was a positive impulse many newly formed modern Nations were created in Europe because of people’s strong feelings of nationalism.
*Nationalism is the reason for the unification of Germany and Italy.

*But this positive ideology created pride in these Nations and hatred against neighbouring countries.

*This caused aggressive nationalism.
*Italian fascism and national socialism of German Nazizm were the other forms of aggressive nationalism.
*Fascists promoted aggressive nationalism and they wanted to rule the world. They also mobilize  the Germans against the other nations of Europe. so it causes first and second world wars.

10th class- 2marks Q&A 12.World between world wars

1.What were the Nuremberg trails?
Ans: Nuremberg trials were the tribunals held in Germany by the allied powers after World war 2 to punish the generals and leaders were captured in the war
The Nuremberg tribunal sentenced only 11 leading nazis to death many other were imprisoned for life.

2. Define marshal plan?
Ans: Marshall plan prepared by the USA USA to fund the economic revival of Germany and Japan who defeated and got the economyy collapsed after World war 2.

3. Which empires ended after world war -1?
After completing World war 1 several empires ended like
1.Astro Hungarian Empire
2.The Russian Empire
3.The Ottoman Empire
4.The German Empire

4. What were the basic principles of UNO?
UNO based on 4 basic principles
1.Preeserving peace
2.Up holding human rights 3.Respecting international law 4.Promoting social progress.

5. Prepare a few slogans on prevention of wars and promotion of peace?
1.War wins land -Peace wins people
2.War is expensive -Peace is priceless
3.War is destructive -Peace is constructive
4.Eliminate wars- Formulate peace 5.Use words -Not weapons.

10th social- 2marks 12.world between world wars.

1.Which type of penalties imposed on Germany by Versailles treaty?

Ans:The treaty of Versailles imposed heavy penalty on Germany both in monetary and territorial terms.

Monetary terms Germany had to pay war compensation to victorious countries.

territorial terms Germany lost a lot of its territory to France and other countries.

2. What were the reasons behind the formation of league of Nations?

Ans: The league of nations was the first ever international organisation which was formed as a consequency of the treaty of Versailles.

  • It was established on 11th January 1920
  • It had 58 member countrie
  • Objectives of league of Nations:

*to prevent wars by trying to settle disputes through negotiations

*ensure disarmament or reduce manufacturing of arms.

*it also sought to work for development, labour welfare and health.

The league of Nations had limited success initially but failure to prevent the second world war.

3. Define white army?

White army in Russia included

*army’s of Russian monarchists

*Anti communist soldiers with the help of Britain, France ,USA and Japan

These white army started civil war in Russia against to bolsheviks but these are all defeated by 1920 by Bolsheviks.

4. Define twin policy?

Ans: USSR began a program of planned economic development in 1928 under the leadership of Stalin.

It had twin policy of industrialisation and collectivization of agriculture.

5. What is the role of Stalin in the development of USSR?

*After the death of Lenin in 1924 Stalin emerged as the leader of the communist party in Russia

  • He established his absolute control and put an end to all oppositions.
  • He used his undisputed power to build the economy of USSR.
  • Stalin implemented 5 year plans in Russia and prepared twin policy including fast industrialisation and collectivisation of agriculture for planned development of Russia.

6.who were the Indian leaders inspired by USSR revolution?

Ans: many Indian leaders -MN Roy, Rabindranath Tagore ,Jawaharlal Nehru inspired by Russia communism

But these Indian leaders did not agree with the many aspects of communism like suppression of opposition of political parties.

7. Define depression and what were the consequences of it?

Ans:The economic depression began around the end of 1929 and continued till the second World war started in 1939.

In this situation the economic declined worldwide because of decline in demand and fall in prices.

Consequences of depression

1.Massive unemployment

2.Increase in poverty

3.Disolation and homelessness .

8. Define welfare state?

Ans:The state which ensures a basic minimum dignified life for all citizens is called a welfare state.

The welfare States takes care of the most elementary needs like food and housing ,health ,child and old age care & education.

9. Mention the countries and leaders who followed the fascist ideology?

1.Mussolini-Italy-Fascism

2.Hitler-Germany-Nazism

3.General Franco-Spain-Dictatorship

4.Japan-Milatarism

10. What was the importance of Enabling act in Germany?

Ans:In Germany on 3rd March 1933 the famous enabling act was passed.

This act established dictatorship in Germany.

It gave Hitler all powers to sideline parliament and rule by his order.

As per this act all political parties and trade unions were banned except for the Nazi party and its affiliates in Germany.

The state established complete control over the economy ,media ,army and judiciary.

11. What was the policy of appeasement of Hitler?

The Western capitalist countries were afraid that the communist revolutions will start in other countries of Europe like Russia.

So the European Western capitalistic countries encouraged Hitler and Nazis to come together against to USSR.

These countries wanted to please Hitler to get the support against USSR.

This was the “policy of appeasement of Hitler”.

12. What is the immediate cause for second world war?

Ans: Hitler the dictator of Germany invaded Poland as punishment for refusing to hand over the port of Danzing to Germany.

Germany armies entered Poland on September 1st, 1939. Hitler thought that the takeover of Poland is a small military operation.

But Poland is on the side of Britain so Britain joined on the war and France also followed .This marked the beginning of the second World war.

13. Mention the names of Axis powers and allied powers in World war II?

Axis powers -: Germany, Italy & Japan

Allied powers-: England, USA ,France and USSR.

14. Mention the reason for joining USA and USSR in World warII?

Japan an allied country of Germany attacks the pearl harbour of the USA. So the USA decided to join the war to Japan.

Hitler attacked the USSR in 1942. The USSR also decided to join World war II against to Germany.

15. What happened to Germany after World war II?

Ans:Germany defeated in the famous battle of Stalin grade in early 1943

Hitler and his close associates committed suicide to avoid being captured and tried

Germany was divided into two parts

Eastern part as German democratic republic (GDR)and western part as federal republic of Germany(FRG).

The GDR came under the rule of the USSR. The FRG came under the influence of the USA.

12.world between the world wars

2 MARKS SHORT QUESTIONS &ANSWERS

1.Which country experimented with socialism? what is meant by socialism?

Ans:USSR experimented with socialism

Socialism :

  • In socialism the state owned all land
  • Factory and banks nationalised by government
  • The government followed planned development
  • The planned development objective is to ensure equality and fraternity of all people in the country.

2. At the beginning of the 20th century how did the world divided?

At the beginning of 20th century the world was divided into

1. Developed industrialised countries of the west like Britain, USA, Germany, France & Italy etc

2. Asia and African countries colonized by industrial countries.

3.Why did the developed industrialised countries of the west divide into two enemy groups?

Ans:The developed industrialised countries divide into two enemy groups.

1. Germany, Austria & Hungary are one side.

2. Britain, France and Russia or other side

This both groups wanted to dominate over the world and control as many colonies and markets in Asia and Africa led to occurrence of the world wars.

4. Mention the names of countries in tripple alliance and tripple Entente?

Ans:Triple alliance: The secret aliens made by Germany with Austria in 1879 and Italy in 1882 called as triple allians.*

*Germany ,Austria and Italy

Ans:Tripple Entente:

The secret aliens made by France with Russia in 1891 with Britain in 1904 called as tripple Entente.

*France ,Russia &Britain

5. Define imperialism?

ANS:With the growth of industrial capitalism the competition among developed industrialised countries of the west like Britain, Germany and USA to access raw materials and markets for their products Asia and Africa continent colonies.

6. What was the immediate cause of first world war in 1914?

  • On june28 ,19 14 a bosnian serb assassinated the crown Prince Arch Duke Franz Ferdinand of Austria Hungary.
  • Austria asked Serbia for the explanation on this assassination.
  • Due to the unsatisfactory reply of the Serbia ,on 28th July 1914 Austria declared war against to Serbia this was the immediate cause of first world war.

7. What were the” central powers”?

Ans:In first World war the countries which were participated on the side of Austria were known as Central powers.

Central powers: Germany,Italy& Turkey

8. What were the allied powers?

Ans:First world war the country supported Serbia called as allied powers.

Allied powers: Britain, France &Russia

9. Why did USA entered into first world war?

Ans: the German troops sunk USA’s commercial ship at Lusitania in 1917 so USA jumped into the war on the side of allied countries.

10. What is the main treaty done after first world war? what is the importance of it?

After the first world war many discussions and treaties were done. treaty of Versailles is important one.

Importance of treaty of Versailles

Britain and its three allied countries imposed terms and conditions on the defeated powers.

  • The Austro Hungarian and Ottoman Turkey empires were dissolved and broken up into small nation States.
  • The German Empire too was broken up and replaced by a democratic republic.
  • The Ottoman Empire was replaced by the republic of Turkey.
  • Turkey colonies in Africa divided among the victorious powers.
  • A large number of new countries were formed like Austria ,Hungary, Yogoslavia, Czechoslovakia ,Estonia, Latvia &Finland etc..

India -RELIEF DIVISIONS

The sun rises two hours earlier in Arunachal Pradesh as compared to Gujarat in the West but the clocks shows the same time how does this happen?(4Marks)

Ans: 

*India lies between 68° 7′ and 97° 25′ minutes East longitudes the longitudinal extension of India is nearly 30 degrees.

*The Earth takes 4 minutes of time to move one longitude to another longitude so total 360 longitudes equals to 24 hours.

In India there was a difference of longitudinal is nearly 30 degrees so 30 ×4=120mnts. That means 2 hours.

*So sun rises 2 hours earlier in Arunachal Pradesh compared to Gujarat.

*To avoid these time confusion every country adapted their local standard meridian.

*In India 82° 30′ minutes taken as standard meridian passing near Allahabad in Uttar Pradesh is the standard time for the whole country.

 *so that the clocks  shows the same time