The Western capitalist countries like Britain were afraid that similar revolutions would start in other countries of Europe. so they encouraged Hitler and the Nazis to come together against the USSR. This was the policy of the appeasement of Hitler……..comment/analyse it.

Content:: above  lines reveals the policy of appeasement of Hitler by European powers opposing communism

Comment:
In Russia after the 1917 revolution it became the USSR in 1922 and its first act was the end  to participation of World war 1 and begin peace negotiations.
Then the European powers like Britain France afraid that similar communist revolutions will start in Europe influencing by communist ideology.
So they wanted to please Hitler to get the support for opposing the USSR

Conclusion: Due to the appeasement policy of Hitler by European powers Hitler and his Nazism became strong and he adopted the aggressive foreign policy to defeat victorious powers in World war 1 and against communism so he caused the second World war.

1. What were the secret alliances made by European powers before the first world war?   ( OR)
What is meant by “armed peace”?
*In 1870 German chancellor Bismarck wanted to isolate France so he made a secret alliance with Austria in 1879 and with Italy and Australia 1882.
This group Germany ,Australia and Italy are called triple alliance
*To protect from Germany ,France
Made a mutual alliance with Russia in 1891 and with Britain in 1904.
*This group France, Russia and Britain are called triple entente.
*Triple alliance led by Germany and the triple entente made the European powers jealous and suspicious of one another.
*Instead of a real peace  these alliances create an atmosphere of fear and armed peace in  Europe.

2. What were the concepts in militarism?
Ans: militarism is the belief that military power is the best way to ensure security and to solve problems.
The military expenditure of 6 powerful European countries Germany, Russia, Austria, Italy France and Britain increased by over 3 times during the years from 1882 to  1914.
*Three concepts in militarism
1. All these European powers had built a massive standing army for their defence.
2. The encouraged people to support wars.
3. In these countries, a large industry of weapons emerged which constantly promoted the idea of using war using solution to all diplomatic problems.

3. Write about Balkan politics?
                       (OR)
There was always a tense situation around the Balkan region. why?
Ans: in Europe continent there were many small kingdoms in the Balkan Peninsula.
People belonging  to  many sects languages were living there.
*They were all being ruled under the Ottoman Turkey Empire.
*After the fall of Ottoman Empire Austria, Germany ,Turkey & Russia competed for the supremacy over this area.
*Russia and Turkey were trying to control the Black sea and the Mediterranean sea region.During the same time Australia was trying to suppress the Serbian rebels in Bosnia who were against the rule of Austria.This created a tense situation in Balkan region.

4. What were the demands of the Bolsheviks?
Ans: In Russia soldiers, industrial workers & rural peasants United by the Russian communist party called Bolsheviks.

Under the leadership of Vladimir Lenin the Bolsheviks took revolution in Russia.
Demands of the Bolsheviks:
*They demanded immediate and unconditional peace.
*Bolsheviks also demanded that all the lands should be nationalized and re distributed to the peasants.
*The demanded nationalisation of all factories and banks and control over the prices in the country.